Aeronautical / Aerospace Engineering

Aeronautical / Aerospace Engineering is one of the most challenging fields of engineering with a wide scope for growth. This field deals with the development of new technology in the field of aviation, space exploration and defence systems. It specialises in the designing, construction, development, testing, operation and maintenance of both commercial and military aircraft, spacecrafts and their components as well as satellites and missiles.

As Aerospace engineering involves design and manufacture of very high technology systems, the job requires manual, technical as well as mechanical aptitude. Aeronautical engineer's usually work in teams under the  supervision of senior engineers, bringing together their skills and technical expertise. Though highly paid, the work is very demanding. An aeronautical engineer needs to be physically fit and fully dedicated to his work. One needs to be alert, have an eye for detail and should have a high level of mathematical precision to be successful.

The specialisations includes in areas like structural design, navigational guidance and control systems, instrumentation and communication or production methods or it can be in a particular product such as military aircrafts, passenger planes, helicopters, satellites, rockets etc. Engineers may work in areas like design, development, maintenance as well as in the managerial and teaching posts in institutes. They find a very good demand in airlines, aircraft manufacturing units, air turbine production plants or design development programmes for the aviation industry. Aerospace environment is sophisticated with rewarding career opportunities involving leading-edge technology.

Eligibility & Course Area

To be an aeronautical engineer one should have a graduate degree (B.E/B.Tech.) or at least a diploma in Aeronautics. The degree and postgraduate degree courses are offered by the engineering colleges and Institutes of Technology (IITs), and the diploma courses are available at polytechnics.

The basic eligibility criteria for a BE / B.Tech is 10+2 or equivalent examination, with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics and must have a fairly high percentage of marks in the aggregate. One must also pass the qualifying exam JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) conducted by the IIT's.

 Selection : Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through 'JEE' (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Most of the institutes conducting engineering courses in Aeronautics consider JEE score as the qualifying grade.

There is also the Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE), which enables working people in the private and public sector, or diploma holders to acquire a Bachelor's engineering degree through distance education by studying the syllabus and appearing for the Associate membership examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE) conducted by ASI ('The Aeronautical Society of India'). This degree is equivalent to aeronautical engineering degree. Those with a degree in electronics, mathematics or physics can also find opportunities in this area.

Some Institutes offer postgraduate (M Tech) and Doctoral (Ph D) programmes in Aeronautics. The Madras Institute of Technology offers a three year Graduate Programme in Aeronautical Engineering for B Sc students, subject to their having passed Maths and Physics at the graduation stage. The Indian Institute of Science (IIS), Bangalore has M Tech and Ph D programmes in aeronautics.

Duration : The duration is four years, ending with a degree recognised by the ministry of education, government of India. The diploma courses are of 2-3 years duration.

Personal Skills : Aeronautical engineers should have an eye for detail and be good at problem-solving. They need mathematical precision and design skills, computer skills, and the ability to communicate well. They also need good planning ability and a knack for working under pressure. An aeronautical engineer needs to be physically fit an may need to often work at great speed especially in checking and maintenance of aircrafts during turnarounds. They must have a normal colour vision.

Job Prospects & Career Options

Aeronautical Engineers work with one of the most technologically advanced branches of engineering. The main thrust in this area is on design and development of aircrafts to space and satellite research. Jobs are available with the national, international, public and private Airline Services as well as aircraft-manufacturing units. 

Job opportunities for an Aeronautical Engineer in India, lies with various airlines like Air India, Indian Airlines,  Helicopter Corporation of India and flying clubs, private airlines and government owned air service and aircraft manufacturers like the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) with its factories at Bangalore, Nashik, Koraput, Kanpur etc. Defense Research and Development Laboratories, National Aeronautical Lab (NAL), Aeronautical Development Establishment, Civil Aviation Department etc. The Defence services and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) also happen to be two major employers.  

Initially, candidates begin work as graduate engineer trainees or junior Engineers. Keeping in view their performance, academic background and aptitude, they are placed for training in the aircraft maintenance/overhaul or support section. On completion of training they are placed as assistant aircraft engineers or assistant technical officers. They have to clear departmental examinations for further promotions.  They may advance to administrative or executive positions or become consultants. Aeronautical engineers are assisted by aircraft mechanics in maintenance of aircraft frame, engine, electrical system and other ancillary fittings.

Remuneration

Engineers in government organisations, are paid official scales while those in the private sector are paid according to the scales decided by the management of the company. 

The approximate starting salaries in the government /public sectors such as HAL, NAL are Rs. 8,000 to Rs.10,000 (excluding other allowances). In the private sector, the scales are decided by the management of the company and are approximately Rs.8,000 to Rs.15,000 per month plus perks. Engineering graduates with management degrees get a starting salary of Rs.10,000 to Rs.40,000 per month plus perks. Entrepreneurs can earn above Rs.20,000/- per month. Airline professionals get fringe benefits of free travel for self and family also, apart from numerous other perks.

Institutes

Aeronautical Engineering is offered by the Indian Institute of Technology in Chennai, Mumbai, Kanpur and Kharagpur and also by the Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh. The Madras Institute of Technology offers a three year Graduate Programme in Aeronautical Engineering for B Sc students, subject to their having passed Maths and Physics at the graduation stage. The Indian Institute of Science (IIS), Bangalore has M Tech and Ph D programmes in Aeronautics.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

         Considered as one of the oldest engineering disciplines, Civil Engineering involves planning, designing and executing structural works. The profession deals with a wide variety of engineering tasks including designing, supervision and construction activities of public works like roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, dams, water works, sewage systems, ports etc. and offers a multitude of challenging career opportunities.

A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the product. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills. The planning part of their work involves site investigation, feasibility studies, creating solutions to complications that may occur and the actual designing of structures. They have to work with the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by the relevant authority. They may prepare cost estimates and set construction schedules. Construction work involves dealing with clients, architects, government officials, contactors and the supervision of work according to standards. Their work also involves the maintenance and repair of the project. 

The major specialisations within civil engineering are structural, water resources, environmental, construction, transportation,  geo-technical engineering etc. On most projects, civil engineers work in teams or in coordination with many other engineers. They can find work as a supervisor of a construction site or a managerial position or in design, research as well as teaching in government services or private concerns. They can also work as independent consultants.

Eligibility & Course Area

Educational : A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified civil engineer. A post graduate degree is required for research or teaching posts and an additional degree in business administration is desirable for management positions.

Engineering courses are available at two levels. There are the degree and postgraduate degree courses offered by the engineering colleges and Institutes of Technology (IITs), and, the diploma courses available at polytechnics. There is also the Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE), which enables working people in the private and public sector, or diploma holders to acquire a Bachelor's engineering degree through distance education. IIT Chennai and Institute Of Post Graduate Studies And Research, Hyderabad gives MS courses in civil Engineering, through distance education, the basic qualification of which is BE/ B tech in engineering.

The basic eligibility criteria for a BE /  B.Tech in Civil Engineering is 10+2 or equivalent examination, with high percentage of marks in Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics). 

Selection : Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through 'JEE' (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Apart from the IIT's,  some other famous institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc / M.Tech) in different universities is through an 'All India Combined Entrance exam' conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through 'GATE' in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses. 

Duration : BE/B.Tech courses are of 4 year's duration. The diploma courses are of 2-3 year's duration

Fees : In private colleges fees range from approx Rs.1 lakh to Rs. 2 lakh annually for a bachelors degree. In IIT's it varies between Rs. 15,000/- to Rs. 20,000/- per year.

Personal Skills : A civil engineer needs to have a sharp, analytical and practical mind and give attention to details. Excellent communication skills is a necessity and he should have the ability to get along at all levels, as part of a team. He should be good at organizing and solving problems. He may need to work under pressure and have the ability to keep calm during crisis.

He needs to know about surveying methods, environmental issues like whether the area is susceptible to tremors or has sandy soil etc, properties of building materials like its load bearing strength, resistance to fire and corrosion etc. Besides having a good technical designing knowledge conceptualising structures, they should be computer literate in order to use design, drawing and word processing software. Civil engineers need to know building and safety regulations, local authority and government regulations

Job Prospects & Career Options

Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc. Job opportunities for civil engineers are expected to increase as fast as the average for all jobs, although the construction industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy. Civil engineers will always be needed to maintain and repair existing facilities and structures and to construct new ones. After doing B.Tech, one can look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. The experts say there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries. 

Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the state or central government, the railways, private construction companies, military, engineering services, consultancy services etc. Civil engineering graduates can also go in for research and take up teaching or they can open their own independent consultancy services.

Remuneration

The earnings depend on the industries employing civil engineers such as Central or State government departments  or private concerns. In India, a bachelor's degree candidate in civil engineering can receive a starting salary of Rs.4000 up to Rs 7500 approximately with 2-3 years experience. With more experience or as an established independent consultant one could earn more. Most employers prefer candidates with Computer (Autocad) knowledge. 

Companies abroad in Singapore, UAE etc pay Rs 15000-20,000 approximately for candidates with 2-3 years experience. In USA, according to a 2001 salary survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, a bachelor's degree candidate as an initial salary offers averaging $40,616 a year, master's degree candidates

Institutes

IIT's  or Indian institute of Technology in New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur are the most prestigious Engineering institutions in India.  Other main Engineering colleges include Birla Institute of Technology (BITS) - (Pilani and Ranchi.), Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi., University of Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh etc and the various Regional engineering colleges in different states.   

CHARTERED ACCOUNTANCY

Chartered Accountancy Course is a professional course in Accounting introduced in our country in 1949, with the enactment of the Chartered Accountants Act. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) was formed the same year . This Institute is both an examining and a licensing body. It is the responsibility of the institute to conduct the Chartered accountancy (CA) Course. The course involves a blend of theoretical education and practical training which run concurrently for a period of three years and equips a student with knowledge, ability, skills and other qualities required of a professional accountant. 

A Chartered accountant is one who is specialised in accounting, auditing and taxation. He also serves as a management and corporate caretaker. In recent times, accountancy has  become popular as a profession. The services of a CA is required in money matters even in a small business . Moreover according to the Company Act  only CA's in professional practice are  allowed to be appointed as auditors of companies in India. A chartered accountant is a person who is accepted as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) after having passed the  Final examination of the Chartered accountancy course conducted by the institute.  

CA programme is of two years apart from the training period. It has three sections, Professional Education (course-I), Professional Education (course-II) and Final examination. A candidate who has passed the Senior Secondary Examination (10+2) or waiting for the 10+2 exam results can register for the CA programme. Commerce graduates with 50% marks, non-commerce graduates with subjects other than Mathematics with an aggregate of 55% marks and non-commerce graduates with Maths with an aggregate of 60% marks has exemption from doing the professional course I and are permitted to register for Professional Education Course II.  The registration for Professional Education Course-I & Course II is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year. However, as the examinations will be held twice a year in May and November, it is necessary that a student must register at least ten months before the examinations.

After passing the Professional Education exam II candidates are eligible for registration as articled clerks/audit clerks for practical training.Computer Training Programme is compulsory for the candidates who wish to register themselves as auditor clerk. Students can undergo this programme while pursuing Professional course I or course II. Articled clerk is a trainee attached to a practicing chartered accountant under a Deed of Articles for the duration three years. During this period the articled clerk will also need to continue studies for the CA exam. An audit clerk is a person who has served as a salaried employee for a minimum period of one year under a practicing chartered accountant. During the training period, candidates would be required to work in different areas learning the basics of auditing and taxation . This training enables them to learn the technical details of the job as well as to get an idea of the working environment of the profession.

The scope for this lucrative career is bright in an economically developing nation like ours and as such the career can be termed as challenging and rewarding for competent professionals in the field.

Eligibility

A Candidate who has  passed the Senior Secondary Examination (10+2) or waiting for the 10+2 exam results can register for the Professional Education course I (PE 1)of the CA programme. There are no restrictions with regard to the age of the candidate or marks secured in Senior Secondary Examination.

Commerce graduates with 50% marks, non-commerce graduates with subjects other than Mathematics with an aggregate of 55% marks and non-commerce graduates with Maths with an aggregate of 60% marks are exempted from the Professional Education course I, and are permitted to register for Professional Education course II (PE 11). 

Candidates who have passed the Final Examination conducted by the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) or the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) can register for professional education course II.

After passing Professional Course II, the candidates can register as Articled clerks for practical training and for admission to the Final course of the Chartered Accountant. Every graduate above18 years of age is eligible to register as an articled clerk/Audit Clerks for Chartered Accountancy. Computer Training Programme is compulsory for the candidates who wish to register themselves as auditor clerk. Students can undergo this programme while pursuing Professional course I or course II.

Candidates aspiring for this career should have a pleasing personality, practical approach and a natural instinct to deal with figures to do well in this profession. 

 

Job Prospects and Work Area

The growing importance of trade and industry along with the rapid growth of capital and money markets in an economically developing nation like ours, has increased the importance of Chartered Accountants enormously. Moreover all the companies registered under the Companies Act,  are required to get their accounts audited only by practicing Chartered Accountants. A qualified Chartered Accountant  has the option of joining the Government Service, Public Sector undertakings or taking up a lucrative assignment in the private sector. The duty of  Chartered accountant is to  ensure that the financial transactions of an organisation are maintained according to the law, they also keep track of cost of management of the company and manage tax matters.   

Chartered accountants work as Finance Managers, Financial Controllers, Financial Advisors or Directors (Finance) and  watch over the finances in the day to day management of companies. Their main areas of work include Accountancy, Auditing, Cost accountancy, Taxation, Investigation and Consultancy.

The accounting department prepares, analyses financial reports and documents of an organisation. Auditing involves checking the accuracy of the financial statements, ensuring that the accounts presented are drawn up on correct accounting principles. Cost Accountancy involves maintaining cost auditing records, compiling cost information, installing cost control and performing cost audits. Taxation involves dealing with direct taxes, like income tax and wealth tax, assessment of taxes, filing returns and providing advice on indirect taxes. Investigation include expert examination of specific aspects of businesses for the information of interested parties on new issues of share capital, the purchase, sale or financing of a business and for reconstruction. The various areas of consulting include Management accounting and internal audit, corporate law advice, project planning and finance, business advise, systems design and information consultancy. Chartered Accountants also act as directors, arbitrators for settling disputes, handling work related to insolvency, bankruptcy etc. and also as executors under a will or trust in order to carry out the administration of an estate or settlements. They are also engaged in activities like markets research, budget planning, working capital management, inventory control, policy planning, securities consultancy, registrar of issues of securities etc.

Some of the opportunities available for Chartered Accountants are in capital markets, business houses and industry. They can also have their own consultancy or private practice which could be more lucrative and satisfying. With the country liberalizing its policies and approach, opportunities are expected to grow further. 

Course Details

CA programme is of two years apart from the training period. It has three sections, Professional Education (PE-I), Professional Education (PE-II) and Final examination.

Professional Education Course -I and  Subjects

Anyone who has a 10 + 2 can enroll for the Professional Education Course I. Duration of the course is 10months. Graduates who doesn't have the request percentage of marks have to do the Professional Course I. The registration for Professional Education Course I  is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year.  The exam  will be held twice a year in May and November. Students have to ensure their registration at least 10 months before the examination. The application for registration should reach the office of the institute on or before 30th of June and for November Examination on or before 31st December of the preceding year. A candidate is declared successful in  Professional course I, if he/she secures an aggregate of 50% of the total marks in all the papers subject to a minimum of 40% marks in each paper.

Subjects for Professional course I

Paper 1- Fundamentals of Accounting
Paper 2 - Mathematics & Statistics
Paper 3 -  Economics
Paper 4 - Business Communication and Organization and Management

Registration for Professional Education course-I
Eligible candidates have to forward their application for registration along with a crossed demand draft for the requisite amount (registration and tuition fee) drawn in favour of Secretary, The Institute of Chartered Accounts of India payable at the respective places where the Offices of the Institute are located.

Professional Education Course-II & Final Course 

The CA Programme is mainly divided into Professional Education Course II and Final course. After completing the  Professional Education Course I or graduation  with required marks can go for Professional Education Course II .The registration for Professional Education (Course-II) is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year. The exam will be held twice a year in May and November, it is necessary that a student must register at least ten months before the examinations.

After passing the Professional Education Examination-II, and computer training programme as specified by the council, the candidate can register as an articled clerk with a firm of chartered accountants for undergoing practical training and simultaneously as a student with the Board of Studies for theoretical education. The candidate is a trainee for a period of three years. During this period he gets thorough knowledge of the various fields in which a Chartered Accountant can render services. During this period the articled clerk will also need to continue studies for the CA exam. On successful completion of the Final examination one becomes the member of the Institute. Member of the Institute may either practice as a Chartered Accountant on his own or go for employment.

Subjects for study:

Professional Education course-II
Group I

Paper 1 -  Accounting
Paper 2 - Auditing
Paper 3 - Business and Corporate  Laws

Group II

Paper 4 - Cost Accounting and Financial Management
Paper 5 - Income Tax & Central Sales Tax
Paper 6 - Information Technology

Final Course
Group I

Paper 1 - Advanced Accounting
Paper 2 - Management Accounting & Financial Analysis
Paper 3 - Advanced Auditing
Paper 4 - Corporate Laws & Secretarial Practice

Group II

Paper 5 - Cost Management
Paper 6 - Management Information and Control Systems
Paper 7 - Direct Taxes
Paper 8 - Indirect Taxes

Note : Various paper wise exemptions are available.

Remuneration

Chartered Accountancy is a well-paid profession, be it Government Service, private firms or own consultancy. Most multi-national firms provide numerous perks besides the salary such as medical benefits,  house allowance and so on. Some of the average monthly earnings range between Pre Qualification Rs. 2,500 - Rs.3,000, Fresh CA's Rs. 5,000 - Rs. 6,500, Accounts Managers Rs. 6,500 - Rs.8,500, Financial Controllers Rs. 8,500 - Rs. 15,000, Directors Rs. 10,000 - Rs. 25,000 and an experienced CA's may get more than Rs. 25,000 according to the company they work for or depending upon the cities they are working in. .

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

  

Over the years with the great expansion of scientific knowledge, the basis of applying science particularly chemistry to develop technology has increased tremendously. This has lead to the development of the profession of chemical Engineering.

Chemical Engineering involves the design and maintenance of chemical plants and the development of chemical processes for converting raw materials or chemicals into valuable forms including those to remove chemicals from waste materials, to enable large-scale manufacture. It combines knowledge of Chemistry and Engineering for the production of chemicals and related by-products. This branch of engineering is a varied field, covering areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing. It covers various fields of chemical technology in mineral based industries, petrochemical plants, pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibres, petroleum refining plants etc. Chemical engineers design and operate chemical plants and improve methods of production. 

Chemical Engineering is the apt career for those who have an aptitude and interest to work with chemicals. However Chemical Engineering is different from chemical technology. The former is concerned with the designing, supervision, construction, installation and operation of plants and equipments for manufacturing chemical products and developing new methods of production while the latter deals with the actual production of substances with new properties which require new methods of production in the fields of petroleum refining, fertilizer technology, processing of food and agricultural products, paints and dyes; recycling metals, glass and plastics; cosmetics, mineral based industries and prevention and control of environmental hazards. 

The work of Chemical Engineers, the most versatile of all engineers, involve the invention, development, design, operation and management of processes in industries. So they combine the work of several fields such as those of chemists, industrial engineers, materials engineers as well as electrical engineers. Chemical engineers are responsible for the availability of modern high-quality materials that are essential for running an industrial economy. They design equipments and operate chemical plants as well as determine the problems and find the best methods of production.

The scope for chemical engineers is tend to grow in future due to industrial expansion and the related scarcity of resources needed. They may be demand as they work to create synthetic replacements for those natural materials and resources that are in short supply. Overall chemical engineers could make very important contributions for the improvement and maintenance of the quality of life.

Eligibility & Course Areas

To become a chemical engineer one should have a graduate degree (B.E / B.Tech) or postgraduate degree (M.E) in Chemical Engineering. There are both degree as well as diploma courses. One can go for the 3 year diploma course after the 10th standard (SSC).

The basic eligibility criteria for a BE / B.Tech is 10+2 or equivalent examination, with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. 

Duration : BE / B.Tech courses are of 4 years' duration.

Academic Programme : The focus of the BE/B.Tech programmes in Chemical Engineering is on Industrial Chemistry, Polymer Technology, Polymer Processing, Polymer Testing, Polymer Synthesis etc. The ME level course generally offers specialized training and research in the areas like computer aided plant design, petroleum refining, fertilizer technology, processing of food and agricultural products, synthetic food, petrochemicals, synthetic fibres, coal and mineral based industries etc.

Selection : Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other major institutions through AIEEE (All India Engineering/ Architecture Entrance Examination) OR their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. There is also the AMIE (Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers) which enables working people in the private and public sector, or diploma holders to acquire a Bachelor's degree through distance education for career advancement.  

Personal Skills : A successful chemical engineer must posses strong technical ability and high motivation. Excellent analytical, communication and teamwork skills is a necessity and the candidate should be hardworking, good at organizing and solving problems. It is also necessary to like working with tools, drawing sketches of complex things and operations, and conceptualising forms and structures. Good computer skill is also essential as they use computer technology to optimize all phases of research and production. As the knowledge and duties of chemical engineers overlap many fields, they must be aware of all aspects of chemicals manufacturing and how it affects the environment, the safety of workers and customers.

Job Prospects & Career Options

Since Chemical engineering is a vast field, the job prospectus and career options of a chemical engineer is varied and different. Chemical engineers play a key role in industries, mostly in the manufacturing field. Their work area varies from petroleum and petrochemicals to food, materials, specialty chemicals, plastics, power production, environmental control, waste management and biotechnology. 

As it is a varied field Chemical engineers could specialise in a particular chemical processess such as oxidation or polymerisation or in a specific product such as plastic or rubber. Besides designing equipments and plants, testing manufacturing processes and supervising production; they also study the properties and effects of dangerous chemicals, device process of neutralising them and also on the development acceptable substitutes. As such their work can be dangerous. 

Wide employment opportunities await chemical engineers both in the public sector as well as the private sector. They can seek jobs in areas such as processing, operations or manufacturing, research and development, design and construction, finance and teaching. They may also pursue a management degree after B.Tech and take on marketing jobs. Candidates with an additional management degree are sought by private industries. In process industries they could work in positions such as a supervisor or manager, technical specialist, project manager or project engineers.

Among the manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals provide the best opportunities for chemical engineers. In the government sector, chemical engineers are employed to solve environmental problems such as waste and water treatment, environmental regulations and recycling; on energy sector such as energy conservation and research on alternate energy sources and health-related research projects, defense establishments and atomic power plants. They are also employed in service industries such as scientific research and development services, particularly in energy and the developing fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology.

Other work areas of chemical engineers include food processing, coal preparation and mineral processing, explosives manufacturing, chemical process industries such as fertiliser industry, including pesticides and herbicides, caustic soda, glass and specialty chemicals, dyes and dyestuff, paint, lubricants, steel and aluminum production. They are also employed in a variety of manufacturing industries other than chemical manufacturing, such as those producing electronics, photographic equipment, clothing, pulp and paper and even in the development of aircrafts.

Remuneration

Due to rapid industrialisation, chemical engineers have gained a position among the top money makers. The earnings depend on the industries employing chemical engineers such as Central or State government departments or private concerns. Working experience, qualifications, ability are important factors in determining the pay level. Those who are working in the private sector are well paid. Fresher's can get a starting salary of Rs. 9,000 to Rs. 13,000 per month excluding other allowances. In the government sector, the salary range of diploma holders is Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 9,000 per month. Lecturers in colleges get a starting salary of Rs 12,000-Rs 13,000 a month. With more experience or as an established independent consultant one could earn more. Senior engineers can earn anywhere in between Rs 30,000 and Rs 50,000 a month.

Institutes

IIT's  or Indian institute of Technology in New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur are the most prestigious Engineering institutions in India.  Other main Engineering colleges include Birla Institute of Technology (BITS) - (Pilani and Ranchi.), Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi., University of Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh etc and the various NIT's (Formerly Regional engineering colleges) in different states.   

Institutes offering chemical engineering courses can be had from the following..

• Chemical Engineering institutes in India

Details and contacts of Polytechnics in different states, conducting Diploma courses is available at the following

• Diploma in Chemical Engineering
• Diploma in Chemical Technology
• Diploma in Petrochemical Technology
• Diploma in Refinery & Petro Chemical Technology
• Post Diploma in Petro Chemical Technology

Details of institutes offering engineering courses through correspondence can be had from the following

• Engineering through Distance education

Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE)

Call Centre

 

         Call centers are comparatively a recent introduction to the world of career options in India. The career avenues provided by call centres is one of the best suited and growing option which even a fresher can opt for. With the opening up of the Indian economy and the advent of globalisation more and more companies from abroad are basing or outsourcing their call centre services to India, a trend started by GE when it established a call centre near New Delhi in 1998.  

A call centre is a service centre with adequate telecom facilities, access to internet and wide database, which provide voice based or web-based information and support to customers in the country or abroad through trained personnel. Call centres exist in all sectors of business including banking, utilities, manufacturing, security, market research, pharmaceuticals, catalogue sales, order desk, customer service, technical queries (help desk), emergency dispatch, credit collections, food service, airline/hotel reservations etc. The wide area of services provided by the call centres makes it a lucrative career with a range of opportunities.

Traditionally, call centres meant only voice-based customer support. But now most call centres are more of a contact centre, offering e-CRM services, that include voice based customer support as well as e-mail response, web-based text-chat services and other customer interaction channels. The call centre services can be 'inbound' where in calls are received from customers enquiring about a service or product that an organisation provides. The call centre services can be 'outbound' where in calls are made to customers to sell products or collect information/money etc. Call centre services can also 'specialised' say in business processing where in calls are made from one company to another company.

Some call centres stick to only domestic businesses dealing with customers within the country called domestic call centres while others such as an International call centre mainly deal with clients from abroad say from US, Europe etc. There is a great scope for Call centres in India, with a large population of educated English speaking people. The wide range of opportunities, comparatively well paid jobs for the minimum qualification it requires and the facilities the companies provide like to and fro transport, subsidized meals and medical facilities makes Call centres a good option.      

Eligibility

There are no specific educational qualifications required to become a CSO ( Customer Service Officer/Operator or call centre adviser/ representative, customer service representative) in a call center. It is a good option for plus two or fresh college graduates as well as even housewives and retired people. 

Personal Skills and Attributes: The skills required vary depending on the project and the type of business that is being handled. A very good command over English language is the main skill required. Computer literacy, typing speed, knowledge of consumer behaviour, marketing skills (a certificate or Diploma in Marketing in case of 'outbound' telemarketing is preferable), the ability to enter and retrieve information quickly from databases and an ability to analyse problems are other useful skills that come in handy. 

Good communication and listening skills are important. CSO ( Customer Service Officer) should have the patience to listen to and comprehend the need, be unfailingly polite, good natured, reasonably intelligent to choose between options and remedy problems effectively to the satisfaction of the customer. Persuasion skills are needed in an 'outbound' contact centre where you either collect money from defaulting customers or try to promote sales and encourage customers to use your client’s products. They may be required to work at odd hours especially in International Call centres where the customers may be calling from places where the timing may be several hours behind IST.

Training : Freshers have to undergo intense training to make themselves suited for the job. The training include accent training, listening skills, 'slang' training, accent neutralisation, telephone etiquette, telesales etiquette and cyber grammar, interaction skills, customer relationship, management skills and call centre terminology. They will also be given a thorough knowledge about the product of the company, even how it could malfunction, breakdown and fail its objective, to deal with complaints from customers. Continuous training at regular intervals including updation on the latest references and slang the callers are likely to use, updation on the new products, developing faster ways of accessing information is a must for growth in this field.

There is no standardised training period. It can be between two weeks to twelve weeks depending on the project. There will be an initiation programme, which includes familiarising the companies work culture and the international environment in which they deal with their clients to have an awareness of the culture abroad. Then the actual training begins which includes both theoretical and on the job training.

In India, the training is usually done by the company itself. There are many institutes that give training in this field abroad, recently the trend is picking up in India also. International certifications from STI Knowledge, a leading provider of call centre training in the US have recently been introduced in India. STI offers international certifications following a Web-based exam after completion of the course. The certifications are Help Desk 2000, Call Centre 2000 and Knowledge 2000 for all the three tiers, that is the operators, managers and director. 

Remuneration

As a fresher, one could start his/her career in an International Call Center as a Call Center Executive and earn highly attractive pay packages ranging from Rs. 6,500 to Rs.10,000 approximately per month other than bonuses for outstanding performances

Job Prospects & Career Options

There is a great scope for Call centres in India. The large population of educated English speaking people and the comparative low cost are encouraging more and more companies from abroad /inland to base or outsource their call centres to India. GE capital, American Express, Wipro Spectramind, Infowavz International (Mumbai), Daksh, Reliance Infotech are some of the call centres which are on a recruitment spree.

Call centre operaters / Customer care executives

This is the entry level in call centres. Your general duties include answering telephone calls, taking down details of the caller’s query and logging this information on a computer, providing the caller with appropriate information or advice, in some cases, selling a caller products or services. In outbound call centre services such as tele-marketing, an operator will also need to identify potential customers and make outgoing calls marketing their organisation’s product, occasionally following-up calls by sending letters, faxes or e-mail, deal with customer complaints etc. A call centre operator’s duties will depend on the type of product or service that the organisation provides and the type of client he/she is servicing. Customer service executives can move on to the technical, financial or the insurance sector etc.

Call centre Supervisors and Managers

After working as an operator for three or four years, you will be promoted to a supervisory level based on your ability and performance. As vacancies occur it will be published in house, an interview will be conducted and promotions made. As a supervisor, you will be in charge of the various operators working under you. Then you can be promoted to the managerial level depending on your experience, ability and skills acquired.
Performance is measured based on targets achieved in the particular business. In outbound centres, like telemarketing your performance is calculated on sales per hour, or in collection department of a bank, performance is measured on contacts made and money collected. In inbound call centres, performance is measured on the basis of average talk time, that is, the time you take to satisfy the customer, analysis and understanding of the problem and the courtesy extended to the customers.

A call centre experience is regarded as worthwhile experience for customer relations, sales jobs or insurance sector. One has a better chance of moving on to other industries with experience in call centres. for eg insurance sector if you have had experience dealing with insurance clients.

Institutes

·         Akiko Sherman Infotech
http://www.shermanindia.com/
INDIA, Head Office
13/9, Padam sigh Chowk Ajmal Khan Road
New Delhi - 110005

·         North Star Call Centre College,
B-109, Sector - 5, NOIDA – 201301 (U.P.), India.
Phone : (91)-118-4421848, (91)-118-4421849, Fax: (91)-118-4519484

·         Ian Stern
http://www.holistic-enterprise.com/
A-62 DDA Complex (Ring Road)
Defence Colony
New Delhi -110 024
Ph: (011) 460 2690

·         ProEdge Solutions (P) Limited
Above UTI Bank, Srinagar Colony Main Road,
Srinagar Colony, Hyderabad 500 073
Tel : +91-40-6347799, 3747389

·         Trans-India Management Systems
305, University Plaza, Vijay Cross Roads,
Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009
Phone-+91-79-7913147, 7912940
http://www.trans-india.biz/

·         Edu Tech India
http://www.edutechindia.com
7/2 Brunton Road
Bangalore-560025
Ph: +91 80 505007

·         Edu Tech India
http://www.edutechindia.com
No.8 (old no.30)
Khader Nawaz Khan Road, Nungambakkam
Chennai 600006
Ph: +91 44 28207999
+91 44 8311777

·         Edu Tech India
http://www.edutechindia.com
402, Fourth Floor
Shri Kant Chambers (Near RK Studios)
SION-TROMBAY Road, Chembur
Mumbai-400071
Ph: 022-55993745/46

·         Edu Tech India
http://www.edutechindia.com
62, Second Floor, Lakshmi Market, New Delhi 110067  
Mobile: 9868213413

·         JTS Institutes
:#35, Infantry Road, Bangalore 560001, Karnataka
Phone: 51130573/574
Website: www.jtsinstitute.com

BIO-TECHNOLOGY

           Bio-Technology is a research oriented science, a combination of Biology and Technology. It covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Chemistry and Engineering and is also concerned with many other subjects like Health and  Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology, Soil science and Soil Conservation, Bio-statistics, Plant Physiology, Seed Technology etc. Bio-Technology is the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria in industrial process. There is a great scope in this field as the demand for biotechnologist are growing in India as well as abroad.

       There are many application  of biotechnology such as developing various medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, increasing productivity, improving energy production and conservation. Biotechnology's intervention in the area of animal husbandry has improved animal breeding. It also helps to improve the quality of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers. Environmental biotechnology helps for pollution control and waste management.

           Most of the information that has led to the emergence of biotechnology in the present form has been generated during the last five decades. The setting up of a separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (www.dbtindia.nic.in ) under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986 gave a new impetus to the development of the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. More than 6000 biotechnologists of higher skill are required  in India as per the report from the Human Resource Development Ministry. To overcome this vast requirement the department of Biotechnology (DBT) has highlighted the need to set up a regulatory body for the maintenance of standard education under the name of 'All- India Board of Biotechnology Education and Training' under the AICTE .  

Eligibility & Course Areas

                If you want to join a course in biotechnology you must have a background in science, that is Physics or agriculture, chemistry and biology at the intermediate level can join for B.Tech. In India, some universities offer the B.Sc biotechnology which one can join after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. Graduates in all sciences/engineering technology/medicine are eligible for the postgraduate (M.Sc.) course in biotechnology.  Programme in Biotechnology. P.G. courses available are M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. (Agriculture) Biotechnology, M.V.Sc. (Animal) Biotechnology, M.Tech. Biotechnology,M.Sc./M.V.Sc.in Veterinary Biotechnology, M.Sc.(Marine) Biotechnology,Medical Biotechnology, M.Tech.in Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology.Depending upon the aptitude and necessity, more advanced courses such PH.D.and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology can also be pursued.

              Integrated M.Tech. programme offered at IIT Delhi and Kharagpur is through a Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), which is held for students who have successfully completed the 10+2 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. For admission to IIT, a pass in the IIT-JEE is required.   The Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, AIIMS, Jadavpur University, Kolkata and Anna University also offers integrated M.Tech course.  Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through  their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Apart from the IIT's,  some other famous institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc / M.Tech) in different universities is through an All India Combined Entrance exam conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through GATE in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses in Biochemical engineering and Biotechnology.

Personal Qualities Required-A prospective biotechnologist should have a scientific aptitude and a keen interest in the biological sciences. He should be methodical and patient by nature, able to work neatly and accurately and have a flair for laboratory work. The ability to work independently is another important aspect.  ability to use computers in work is very important. biotechnologist needs  certain skill of problem solving, information technology skill, analyzing and  interpreting skills.

Duration : Three years duration for B.Sc course. Two years to complete the M.Sc. course. B.Tech. course is of four years duration and five year for integrated M.Tech. programme offered at IIT Delhi and Kharagpur. 

         DBT (The Department of Biotechnology) has therefore, launched an integrated Manpower Development Programme which includes training of scientists/technologists for the expanding biotechnological R&D  activities and for filling critical gaps in internal competence. The programme includes

·         Short term Training Courses;

·         M.Sc/M.Tech./Post Doc.Programmes;

·         National and Overseas Associate ships;

·         Visiting Scientist from Abroad Programme;

·         Short-term Training Course for Industrial personnel

·         Technician Training

·         Biotechnology teaching/training programme for school

·         Biotechnology Publications

·         Popular lectures

·          Biotechnology films etc. 

Job Prospects & Career Options

          Biotechnology as a subject has grown rapidly. And as far as employment is concerned, it has become one of the fast growing sector. Employment record shows that biotechnology has a great scope in future. Bio-technologists can find careers with pharmaceutical companies, chemical, agriculture and allied industries. They can be employed in the areas of planning, production and management of bio-processing industries. There is a large scale employment in research laboratories run by the government as well as the corporate sector. Biotechnology students in India may find work in a government-based entity such as universities, research institutes or at private centers as research scientists/assistants. Alternatively they may find employment in specialized biotechnology companies or biotech-related companies such as pharmaceutical firms, food manufacturers, aquaculture and agricultural companies. Companies that are engaged in business related to life sciences (ranging from equipment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, etc) also consider a biotech degree relevant to their field. The work scope can range from research, sales, marketing, administration, quality control, breeders, technical support etc.;Armed with this powerful combination of fundamental cell and molecular biology and applied science, graduates are well placed to take up careers in plant, animal or microbial biotechnology laboratories or in horticulture, food science, commerce and teaching.

          Some major organizations employing bio-technologists in India include Hindustan Lever Ltd, Thapar Group, Indo-American Hybrid seeds, Bincon India Ltd, Bivcol, IDPL, India Vaccines Corporation, Hindustan Antibiotics, National Botanical Institute, National Chemical Laboratories, Tata Engineering Research Institute etc. 

Career options 

             As there is increasing popularity and explosive growth, there is plenty of opportunities available in Biotechnology field. You can be a Research Scientist, Teacher, Marketing manager, Science Writer, Bioinformists, Quality Control Officer or Production in-charge in the Food, Chemical and Pharmaceutical industry. Analyst (Venture-Capitalist)Environmental / Safety Specialist .Biotechnology companies require Corporate Executives with business/management Degrees. A graduate in Biotechnology can get job in government sectors such as Universities and Colleges, Research institutes or at Private Centers as Research scientists/assistants. 

Lab technician: includes cleaning and maintaining equipment used by scientists and working on the various pieces of lab equipment as instructed. Research associate: If you are interested in Research and Development, then becoming a Research Associate can provide an interesting career that allows you to carry out experiments under the instruction of established Scientists.  Research scientist: if you wish to enter the field at a high level, you may choose to become a Research Scientist. This involves working alongside established scientists to design and carry out experiments, then writing reports for future publication. Engineer (Chemical, Electrical, Environmental and Industrial): This position would involve engaging in a range of projects from building robots to assisting with Research and Development.  Sales representative: As a sales representative, you would work with hospitals, doctors and a wide range of medical institutions to keep them aware of biotechnology's latest offerings, as well as trying to encourage their approval for your products over rival products in the market. Marketing: In biotechnology marketing, you would manage and devise campaigns aimed at particular customer areas, through such methods as working with advertising agencies and maintaining a visible presence at medical conventions and trade shows.  Business development manager: This position involves working with colleagues to introduce products and  to negotiate agreements with strategic partners. 

Remuneration 

         The amount of remuneration depends upon academic qualification, institute or university  from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience. In the corporate sector, fresh IIT pass outs may get anything in the range of Rs. 70,000  to Rs. 85,000 as annual income and fresh B.Sc./B. Tech. graduates from other universities may get anything in the range of Rs. 50,000  to Rs. 70,000 as annual income. Those working in the research institutes can expect something around Rs. 60,000 as annual income

BIO-INFORMATICS

  

         Bioinformatics or computational biology is the use of information technology in the field of molecular biology, or the application of computer technology to the management and analysis of biological data. Here computers are used to gather, store, analyze and merge biological data.

         It is an emerging interdisciplinary research area and is increasingly being used to improve the quality of life. The ultimate goal of bioinformatics is to uncover the wealth of biological information hidden in the mass of sequence, structure, literature and other biological data and obtain a clearer insight into the fundamental biology of organisms and to use this information to enhance the standard of life for mankind.

        It's importance is unlimited in the genomic era (genome is the complex molecular chains that constitute each organism’s unique genetic heritage). The hereditary information of an organism is encoded in the DNA. Genomics, the study of an organisms entire genome is developed to understand the basic molecule of life which is known as the code of life. DNA directly controls the biological makeup of humans or any living organism. Studying the structure of  DNA has made amazing success over many genetically transferring diseases. It is variations and errors in the genomic DNA which ultimately define the likelihood of developing diseases or resistance to the same disorders. 

         Bioinformatics could have profound impact in fields as varied as human health, agriculture, the environment, energy and biotechnology to advance biomedical research and development. It is being used now in the areas of molecular medicine to help produce better and more customized medicines to prevent or cure diseases, it has environmental benefits in identifying waste cleanup bacteria and in agriculture it can be used for producing high yield low maintenance crops. These are just a few of the many benefits bioinformatics can offer.

          The career prospects in the field has been steadily increasing with more and more use of information technology in the field of molecular biology. Job prospects are in all sectors of biotechnology, pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, in research institutions, hospital and industry. Some of the specific career areas that fall within the scope of bioinformatics include Sequence assembly, Database design and maintenance, Sequence analysis, Proteomics (the study of protein, particularly their structures and functions), Pharmacogenomics, Pharma-cology, Clinical pharmacologist, Informatics developer, Computational chemist, Bio-analytics and Analytics etc. 

Eligibility & Method of selection

             A course in bioinformatics is suitable for those with a graduation or post-graduation in molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, chemistry, pharmacy, veterinary sciences, physics, mathematics, and also engineers, IT professionals, PhDs and medicos. Programs at different levels are available in the field such as B.Tech, Master Degree, Advanced Diploma and M.Tech. Study of Bioinformatics begins at the undergraduate level. The basic educational qualification to enter a program in Bioinformatics is 10+2 completed with science as the subject. The details of the educational qualification for different courses in this field are listed listed below. 

Name of the Course	Educational Qualification Required
B.Tech in Bioinformatics	Candidate should complete 10+2 with physics, chemistry, biology and English
Master's Degree in Bioinformatics	Candidate should complete their graduation in any of the following subjects  such as B.Sc / B.Sc (Agriculture)/ BCS / BE / B.Tech / MBBS /B Pharm / BAMS / BHMS / BVSc.
Advanced Diploma in Bioinformatics	Candidates having a post graduation in any of the following subjects such as M.Sc in Life Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biotechnology, Biophysics, Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Computer Science or Equivalent), M.Sc (Agriculture) or M.Tech or MBBS are eligible for the Advanced Diploma Course.
M.Tech in Bioinformatics (Engineering)	Pharmacy graduate, medical, dental and veterinary science graduates as well as postgraduates in science are eligible for the admission to M.Tech

Job Prospects

           The career prospects in Bioinformatics has been steadily increasing with more and more use of information technology in the field of molecular biology. Job prospects are in all sectors of biotechnology, pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, in research institutions, hospital and industry.

           Some of the specific career areas that fall within the scope of bioinformatics include Sequence assembly, Database design and maintenance, Sequence analysis, Proteomics (study of protein, particularly their structures and functions), Pharmacogenomics, Pharma-cology, Clinical pharmacologist, Informatics developer; Computational chemist, Bio-analytics and Analytics etc.

            The work involved in the specific career areas are Drug design utilising 3-D structure modelling and computational chemistry (Cheminformatics), Comparing genetic data between and within species (Genomics), Genomic analysis in an attempt to find drug targets (Pharmacogenomics), Characterisation of proteins and their interactions (Proteomics), Prediction of the function of genes and proteins based on sequence and structural data etc.

             One can find work in Pharmaceutical and Biotech Companies where bioinformatics technologies are applied throughout the drug discovery process. One can also take up teaching jobs in public institutions if you have a skill in teaching. Indian companies like Satyam, Wipro, TCS, Reliance etc and companies such as Silicon Genetics, Accelrys and IBM Life Sciences Pubgene, Tessella are recruiting bioinformatics candidates, because it has made a substantial new market for IT infrastructure.

Remuneration

A postgraduate joining a private sector pharmaceutical company can expect to get a salary in the range or Rs. 12,000 to Rs. 20,000 per month. Those employed in government research can start on Rs. 9,000 along with government allowances

Institutes

1. Calcutta University, Kolkata
2. Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore
3. Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad
4. Jamia Millia Ismalia University, New Delhi
5. Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai
6. Pondicherry University, Puducherry
7. SRM University, Chennai
8. University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
9. Universtiy of Pune, Pune

Institute Name	:	Calcutta University, Kolkata
Address	:	Senate House, 87 /1 College Street, Kolkata-700 073
Phone	:	033 2241 0071
E-mail	:	Contact
Website	:	www.caluniv.ac.in
Courses	:	M.Sc Bio-informatics & BioPhysicsEligibility : Honours Graduates of University of Calcutta and from first class Honours Graduates of other Indian University of the (10 +2+3) pattern in Science. Duration : 2 years

Institute Name	:	Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore.
Address	:	G-05, Tech Park Mall,International Technology Park Bangalore (ITPB),Whitefield Road, Bangalore-560 066.
Phone	:	91 (80) 2841 0029, 2841 2769, 2841 6034, Fax - 91 (80) 2841 2761
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.ibab.ac.in
Courses	:	Postgraduate course in Bioinformatics Postgraduate laboratory course in Bio-Techniques. Eligibility: Anybody with a recognised bachelor's or master's degree in any branch of science, agriculture, pharmacy, engineering or medicine with a minimum of 55% marks. Admission : An all-India nation-wide entrance test is conducted by IBAB and short-listed students are called for an interview. The test will be of 120 minutes' duration. and syllabus is based on the XII Std (ICSE/CBSE) science syllabus.

Institute Name	:	Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad
Address	:	Deoghat, Jhalwa Campus, Allahabad - 211011
Phone	:	91-532-2552380
E-mail	:
Website	:	http://bi.iiita.ac.in/
Courses	:	M.Tech in Bioinformatics Eligibility : Candidates having B.E/ B.Tech/ M.Sc/ B.Pharm. Degrees in any Engineering & Science discipline followed by a GATE score in respective disciplines Duration : 4 semester Admission : Only GATE (except MBBS, sponsored & NRI) qualified candidates are eligible to apply

Institute Name	:	Jamia Millia Ismalia University, New Delhi.
Address	:	Department of computer Science, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi -110025
Phone	:	011-26980014, 26981717, EPABX: +91(11) 26981717
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.jmi.nic.in
Courses	:	M.Sc BioinformaticsEligibility : Graduates of the (10 +2+3) pattern in Science. Duration : 2 years Syllabus: It covers knowledge of mathematics (Xth class CBSE syllabus) and molecular biology, Nutrition and metabolism, Biomolecules, Enzymes, Genes, General English, Computer awareness and general knowledge

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Institute Name	:	Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai
Address	:	School of Biotechnology, Madurai, Tamil nadu.
Phone	:	0452 - 2459166, 0452 - 2459455.
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.mkuniversity.org
Courses	:	Advanced Diploma in BioinformaticsEligibility: M.Sc. in any branch of Biological Sciences

Institute Name	:	Pondicherry University, Puducherry
Address	:	Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - 605 014
Phone	:	0413 - 2655212, 2655211
Fax	:	0413 - 2655211
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.bicpu.edu.in
Courses	:	Advanced Post Graduate Diploma in Bioinformatics Eligibility: M.Sc. in any branch of Biological Sciences such as Biochemistry, Biophysics, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Life Sciences, Botany, Zoology, MBBS with first class. Duration : 1 year Admission:  Through All India Entrance Test and Interview. Ph.D. Bioinformatics

  

Institute Name	:	SRM University, Chennai
Address	:	3, Veeraswamy Street, West Mambalam, Chennai - 600 033
Phone	:	044-24742836, 24747231, 24892621, 24893688
Fax	:	044-24748925
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.srmuniv.ac.in
Courses	:	B.Tech Bio Informatics Eligibility : HSC / Equivalent Duration : 4 years in 8 Semesters B Sc in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Eligibility: +2 or its equivalent M Sc in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Eligibility: B Sc in any Life science discipline, B Pharm, Medicine Post-graduate diploma in Bioinformatics Eligibility: Background in life sciences/ Computer science

Institute Name	:	University of Hyderabad
Address	:	Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh
Phone	:	91-40-3010500, 23010121, 23010245
E-mail	:
Website	:	www.uohyd.ernet.in
Courses	:	Advanced PG Diploma in Bioinformatics  Eligibiltiy : Second class M.Sc. with a minimum of 55% marks in Biological, Agricultural or Physical Sciences, in addition to some computer application course OR a second class with a minimum of 55% in computer sciences with a sound background of modern biology. Duration : 1 year Selection : By a National Entrance Test for which the question paper consists of 100 objective type questions in biology, chemistry and basic computer sciences M.Tech in bioinformaticsAdmission: Trough Entrance Examination consist objective type questions from Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences and Computer Science